CMO#181 CMO #181
-- 25 Nov. 1996 --

- From #181 we cite 4 articles -
.. Index ........
* OAA MARS SECTION
-- Mars Observation Reports of 1996/97 (#003)--
* Coming 1996/97 Mars (2)
-- Disks Displying the Relative Size and Phase in 1996/97
* Coming 1996/97 Mars (3)
-- Ephemeris 1996 Dec.- 1997 Mar.
* 10 Years Ago (11)
-- CMO #020(10 November 1986) and #021(25 November 1986) - (Japanese)

OAA MARS SECTION
1996/97 Mars Observation Reports , #003 ( 16 Oct. 1996 - 15 Nov. 1996 ) (English)
1996/97 ΐϑ #003 ( 16 Oct. 1996 - 15 Nov. 1996 )@ (Japanese)
COMING 1996/97 MARS -- ( 2 ) -- (English)
Disks Displying the Relative Size and Phase in 1996/97--M MINAMI, A NISHITA

1996/97N̉ΐ -- ( 2 )-- (Japanese)
1996/97N̉ΐ̌̑傫ʑ̕ω-- 쐭ij ci}j@

* This is an article which shows how the planet Mars will approach the Earth and go away in the upcoming apparition. We here try to represent the status of the planet every month by showing the apparent disks at the beginning of each month. The planet will be closest to the Earth on 20 Mar 1997 17hGMT and attain the maximal apparent diameter App Diam of 14.2" arc, which is slightly larger than the maximum in the preceding opposition (ie 13. 9")

* A rough ephemeris of the red planet in this apparition goes as follows:

1996       GMT
26 Aug       vernal equinox  (000degs Ls, App Diam=4.4")
17 Dec  23h  western quadrature  (App Diam=07.2")
1997
06 Feb  18h  stationary  (App Diam=11.1")
13 Mar       summer solstice  (090degs Ls App Diam=14.1")
17 Mar  08h  opposition in ecliptic longitude  (App Diam=14.2")
18 Mar  11h  opposition in R A longitude  (App Diam=14.2")
20 Mar  17h  closest approach  (App Diam=14.2")
29 Apr  06h  stationary  (App Diam=11.7")
22 Jne  20h  eastern quadrature  (App Diam=07.9")
12 Spt       autumnal equinox  (180degs Ls, App Diam=5.5") 
* The maximal apparent diameter 14.2" arc looks just yet slightly larger than 13.9" of the maximal one in 1995 (occurred on 11 Feb 1995), but this difference proves in a sense large since the period when the apparent diameterApp Diam is larger than 13,9" arc will last for about twenty days from 10 March to 1 April next year. This implies that we have twenty times chances of seeing the biggest diameter of the 1995 Mars.
* However the altitude of the planet near its meridian will be lower: In November 1996 the planet shines inside Leo and well high up (apparent declination, abbreviated to hereafter as app dec, being at 12degs.N; on 29 Oct it passed near Regulus at 1.2degs.N: even on 30 Oct two were inside the eye-field of the finder), while at the beginning of the next year 1997 it will reach Vir and the app dec will go down to 03degs.N, near the celestial equator, and further to 01degs.N on 1 Feb (more precisely to 00degs.46'). After its stationary state on 6 Feb, the planet moves backward and slightly becomes higher, but still the app dec is at 02degs.N on 1 March and at 06degs.N on 1 April.
* During the time between the stationary and the later stationary on 29 Apr, the planet goes westwards and makes a loop in the sky: This is cause by the difference of the relative velocity of the both planets, and hence the rotation period of Mars will be upto 15.63degs. per hour during the period while it will be around 14.59degs. per hour when the planet moves regularly eastwards. After the first stationary on 6 Feb the planet will rise earlier, thereby the apparent diameter being quite increasing, and we will become busy.

* We here detour to mention a determination method of the time when the planet will be closest to the Earth: Both of the Almanacs, "Tentai-Ichi-Hyou" (edited by the Maritime Safety Agency in Japan) and the Astronomical Almanac (edited by the US Nautical Obs, Nautical Almanac Office and RGO, Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac) show us the each day's geocentric distances of the red planet, and using these values we can calculate in principle the time when the planet most approaches the Earth. In our case, the computer calculation showed that the smallest value was obtained at 16:51TDT on 20 March. However this is not far from the truth, and as once criticised by Ichiro HASEGAWA in CMO #121 p1080, the data of the geocentric distances are within an effective digit and hence the difference of values for each day, each hour and each minute must be checked within this digital order. In this sense, the distance values proved to remain the same from 16:13TDT on to the 17:00TDT and further to 17:20TDT.... in our case, implying that the distance stands still for more than one hour if considered only from the input data.
* The article by the ALPO coordinators introduced in CMO #179 p1906 employs the value 16:54UT as the closest time, but this may possibly be an false value if the usual digit of the geocentric distances is used. We can thus just say the time when the red planet will be closest to the Earth appropriately at 17hGMT on 20 Mar.

* We here move on to the status of the apparent aspects of the planet at the beginning of each month: We thereby hope the reader will refer to a series of the expected disks presented here with the latitude-longitude grids which give the central latitude and so on. Phases and the direction of the celestial west are important in actual observations.
* In the case of 1994, we met the vernal equinox of the northern hemisphere 000degs Ls when App Diam = 06.2" arc on 9,10 Oct 1994, and hence the diameter 4.4" arc at the season implies that we have already been missing the chance to observed the early spring time of the northern hemisphere and should wait another 15 years. The Martian season on 1 Nov is at 032degs Ls, whenApp Diam is still 05.5" arc. On 1 Dec the season will be 045degs Ls with App Diam = 6.4", the north polar cap (npc) will rapidly thawing then. On the new year day 1 Jan the season will reach 059degs Ls with a reasonable diameterApp Diam=8.1" arc. On 1 Feb, Ls proceeds to 072degs Ls with App Diam = 10.6" arc. The region of npc requires further attention because it may become difficult to fix the boundary of the bright area, because of the cyclones and other things. In the following favourable month, first on 1 Mar, the season will attain 085degs. Ls, still the boundary of the npc calling an attention. The apparent diameter is increasing: App Diam = 13.3" on 1 Mar. On the most approaching day, the season will be just behind the summer solstice at 093degs Ls: In the previous 1995 case the season was 060degs Ls, and hence 30 degrees are different (proceeded).

* The central latitude De is already 23degs.N on 1 Nov, and the northern hemisphere well faces to us. In December it goes upto 24.7degs.N. And at the opposition day it will read 23degs.N, higher than the previous case in 1995 where De was just 19degs.N.

* After opposition, the apparent diameterApp Diam will be 13.9" on 1 Apr: the same diameter as the maximal diameter in 1995 while this time already the defect of illumination will be apparent and give a different impression. The season is 098degs Ls. Succeedingly on 1 May, App Diam will go down to 11.5" arc, while the Ls will proceed to 112degs Ls. On 1 June, App Diam will be already under 10" arc and read 9.1". The season is 126degs Ls and De will rise up to 26degs.N. It will be a good chance to observe the extreme case of the npc. On 1 July, we have App Diam = 07.5" and 141degs Ls. And on 1 Aug, App Diam = 06.4" and 157degs Ls, and on 1 Sept:App Diam = 05.7", on 1 Oct: App Diam = 5.2", and on 1 Nov 1997:App Diam = 4.9".
* As the planet Mars moves to the western sky, our day will be longer. The eastern quadrature on 22 June occurs near our summer solstice and hence the evening observation must be made late. From summer to autumn, the day becomes shorter, but the planet will be much lower.
* The series of disks presented here is the on sequel to that shown in # 145 p1399, and so the comparison for example of the npc between them will reveal some interesting points. The sizes of npc are both after the plot given by A DOLLFUS (Icarus 18(1973)1420). Also refer to those disks in #38 p311, #58 p459, #68 p523, #110 p955, #120 p1065 for comparison. Several explanations of the notations will be found among them. Just we note here again that the intersection of the N and the M line is the sub-solar point.

1996/97N̉ΐ -- ( 2 )-- (Japanese)

1996/97N̉ΐ̌̑傫ʑ̕ω-- 쐭ij ci}j@
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1996       GMT
@26 Aug        t     (000KLs App Diam4.4")
@17 Dec  23h        (App Diam07.2")
1997
@06 Feb  18h          (App Diam11.1")
@13 Mar             (090KLs App Diam14.1")
@17 Mar  08h   S   (App Diam14.2")
@18 Mar  11h   S   (App Diam14.2")
@20 Mar  17h   Őڋ   (App Diam14.2")
@29 Apr@06h          (App Diam11.7")
@22 Jne@20h        (App Diam07.9")
@12 Spt        H     (180KLs App Diam5.5")

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COMING 1996/97 MARS -- ( 3 ) --
Ephemeris for Observations of Mars in 1996/97 (2) --A NISHITA
1996/97N̉ΐ -- ( 3 )--(Japanese)
PXXU^XVN̉ΐϑ\i 2j-- c @

This is a sequel to the Table presented in
CMO #178, and treats the period from December 1996 to March 1997.
CMO#178̗\ɑA1996N\񌎂1997NO܂ł̃f[^[fڂ܂B@
                         ΐʒox  ܓx      Lsl     a  ʑp
LCM         De          Ls    App Diam  Pha angl
Date (00:00 GMT)         degs        degs        degs    arcsecs  degs
1  December   1996     230.31 W     24.7 N       45.1      6.4    36.3
2  December   1996     220.69 W     24.7 N       45.5      6.5    36.4
3  December   1996     211.09 W     24.7 N       45.9      6.5    36.4
4  December   1996     201.49 W     24.7 N       46.4      6.6    36.4
5  December   1996     191.89 W     24.7 N       46.8      6.6    36.4

6  December   1996     182.29 W     24.7 N       47.3      6.7    36.5
7  December   1996     172.70 W     24.7 N       47.7      6.7    36.5
8  December   1996     163.11 W     24.7 N       48.2      6.7    36.5
9  December   1996     153.53 W     24.7 N       48.6      6.8    36.5
10  December   1996     143.95 W     24.7 N       49.1      6.8    36.5

11  December   1996     134.38 W     24.7 N       49.5      6.9    36.5
12  December   1996     124.81 W     24.7 N       49.9      6.9    36.5
13  December   1996     115.25 W     24.7 N       50.4      7.0    36.5
14  December   1996     105.69 W     24.6 N       50.8      7.0    36.5
15  December   1996      96.13 W     24.6 N       51.3      7.1    36.5

16  December   1996      86.58 W     24.6 N       51.7      7.1    36.4
17  December   1996      77.04 W     24.6 N       52.1      7.2    36.4
18  December   1996      67.50 W     24.6 N       52.6      7.2    36.4
19  December   1996      57.96 W     24.5 N       53.0      7.3    36.4
20  December   1996      48.44 W     24.5 N       53.5      7.3    36.3

21  December   1996      38.91 W     24.5 N       53.9      7.4    36.3
22  December   1996      29.40 W     24.5 N       54.4      7.5    36.3
23  December   1996      19.88 W     24.4 N       54.8      7.5    36.2
24  December   1996      10.38 W     24.4 N       55.2      7.6    36.2
25  December   1996       0.88 W     24.4 N       55.7      7.6    36.1

26  December   1996     351.38 W     24.3 N       56.1      7.7    36.0
27  December   1996     341.90 W     24.3 N       56.6      7.8    35.9
28  December   1996     332.41 W     24.3 N       57.0      7.8    35.9
29  December   1996     322.94 W     24.2 N       57.4      7.9    35.8
30  December   1996     313.47 W     24.2 N       57.9      7.9    35.7

31  December   1996     304.01 W     24.2 N       58.3      8.0    35.6

1  January    1997     294.55 W     24.1 N       58.7      8.1    35.5
2  January    1997     285.11 W     24.1 N       59.2      8.1    35.4
3  January    1997     275.67 W     24.0 N       59.6      8.2    35.3
4  January    1997     266.23 W     24.0 N       60.1      8.3    35.1
5  January    1997     256.81 W     24.0 N       60.5      8.3    35.0

6  January    1997     247.39 W     23.9 N       60.9      8.4    34.9
7  January    1997     237.98 W     23.9 N       61.4      8.5    34.7
8  January    1997     228.58 W     23.8 N       61.8      8.6    34.6
9  January    1997     219.19 W     23.8 N       62.2      8.6    34.4
10  January    1997     209.80 W     23.7 N       62.7      8.7    34.2

11  January    1997     200.42 W     23.7 N       63.1      8.8    34.1
12  January    1997     191.06 W     23.7 N       63.6      8.9    33.9
13  January    1997     181.70 W     23.6 N       64.0      8.9    33.7
14  January    1997     172.35 W     23.6 N       64.4      9.0    33.5
15  January    1997     163.00 W     23.5 N       64.9      9.1    33.3

16  January    1997     153.67 W     23.5 N       65.3      9.2    33.1
17  January    1997     144.35 W     23.4 N       65.7      9.3    32.9
18  January    1997     135.04 W     23.4 N       66.2      9.3    32.6
19  January    1997     125.73 W     23.4 N       66.6      9.4    32.4
20  January    1997     116.44 W     23.3 N       67.1      9.5    32.2

21  January    1997     107.16 W     23.3 N       67.5      9.6    32.0
22  January    1997      97.88 W     23.2 N       67.9      9.7    31.7
23  January    1997      88.62 W     23.2 N       68.4      9.8    31.4
24  January    1997      79.37 W     23.2 N       68.8      9.9    31.1
25  January    1997      70.13 W     23.1 N       69.2     10.0    30.8

26  January    1997      60.90 W     23.1 N       69.7     10.1    30.5
27  January    1997      51.68 W     23.1 N       70.1     10.1    30.2
28  January    1997      42.47 W     23.0 N       70.5     10.2    29.9
29  January    1997      33.28 W     23.0 N       71.0     10.3    29.6
30  January    1997      24.09 W     23.0 N       71.4     10.4    29.2

31  January    1997      14.92 W     22.9 N       71.9     10.5    28.9

1  February   1997       5.76 W     22.9 N       72.3     10.6    28.5
2  February   1997     356.61 W     22.9 N       72.7     10.7    28.1
3  February   1997     347.48 W     22.8 N       73.2     10.8    27.7
4  February   1997     338.35 W     22.8 N       73.6     10.9    27.3
5  February   1997     329.24 W     22.8 N       74.0     11.0    26.9

6  February   1997     320.15 W     22.8 N       74.5     11.1    26.5
7  February   1997     311.06 W     22.7 N       74.9     11.2    26.0
8  February   1997     301.99 W     22.7 N       75.4     11.3    25.5
9  February   1997     292.94 W     22.7 N       75.8     11.4    25.1
10  February   1997     283.89 W     22.7 N       76.2     11.5    24.6

11  February   1997     274.86 W     22.7 N       76.7     11.6    24.1
12  February   1997     265.85 W     22.7 N       77.1     11.7    23.7
13  February   1997     256.84 W     22.7 N       77.5     11.8    23.1
14  February   1997     247.85 W     22.6 N       78.0     11.9    22.6
15  February   1997     238.88 W     22.6 N       78.4     12.0    22.0

16  February   1997     229.92 W     22.6 N       78.8     12.1    21.4
17  February   1997     220.97 W     22.6 N       79.3     12.2    20.9
18  February   1997     212.03 W     22.6 N       79.7     12.3    20.2
19  February   1997     203.11 W     22.6 N       80.2     12.4    19.6
20  February   1997     194.20 W     22.6 N       80.6     12.5    19.1

21  February   1997     185.31 W     22.6 N       81.0     12.6    18.5
22  February   1997     176.43 W     22.6 N       81.5     12.7    17.9
23  February   1997     167.56 W     22.7 N       81.9     12.8    17.2
24  February   1997     158.70 W     22.7 N       82.3     12.9    16.6
25  February   1997     149.86 W     22.7 N       82.8     13.0    15.9

26  February   1997     141.03 W     22.7 N       83.2     13.1    15.2
27  February   1997     132.21 W     22.7 N       83.7     13.2    14.5
28  February   1997     123.40 W     22.7 N       84.1     13.3    13.8

1  March      1997     114.61 W     22.7 N       84.5     13.3    13.1
2  March      1997     105.83 W     22.8 N       85.0     13.4    12.4
3  March      1997      97.05 W     22.8 N       85.4     13.5    11.6
4  March      1997      88.29 W     22.8 N       85.9     13.6    10.9
5  March      1997      79.54 W     22.8 N       86.3     13.6    10.2

6  March      1997      70.80 W     22.8 N       86.7     13.7     9.5
7  March      1997      62.06 W     22.9 N       87.2     13.8     8.8
8  March      1997      53.34 W     22.9 N       87.6     13.8     8.0
9  March      1997      44.62 W     22.9 N       88.1     13.9     7.2
10  March      1997      35.91 W     23.0 N       88.5     13.9     6.5

11  March      1997      27.20 W     23.0 N       88.9     14.0     5.7
12  March      1997      18.51 W     23.0 N       89.4     14.0     5.0
13  March      1997       9.81 W     23.0 N       89.8     14.1     4.2
14  March      1997       1.12 W     23.1 N       90.3     14.1     3.5
15  March      1997     352.43 W     23.1 N       90.7     14.1     2.8

16  March      1997     343.75 W     23.1 N       91.1     14.1     2.4
17  March      1997     335.07 W     23.2 N       91.6     14.2     2.2
18  March      1997     326.38 W     23.2 N       92.0     14.2     2.2
19  March      1997     317.70 W     23.2 N       92.5     14.2     2.6
20  March      1997     309.02 W     23.3 N       92.9     14.2     3.1

21  March      1997     300.33 W     23.3 N       93.4     14.2     3.8
22  March      1997     291.64 W     23.3 N       93.8     14.2     4.4
23  March      1997     282.95 W     23.4 N       94.2     14.2     5.2
24  March      1997     274.26 W     23.4 N       94.7     14.2     5.9
25  March      1997     265.56 W     23.4 N       95.1     14.2     6.7

26  March      1997     256.86 W     23.5 N       95.6     14.1     7.4
27  March      1997     248.15 W     23.5 N       96.0     14.1     8.2
28  March      1997     239.43 W     23.5 N       96.5     14.1     9.0
29  March      1997     230.70 W     23.6 N       96.9     14.0     9.8
30  March      1997     221.97 W     23.6 N       97.4     14.0    10.6

31  March      1997     213.23 W     23.6 N       97.8     14.0    11.3

back to INDEX
10 Years Ago (11) --- CMO #020(10 Nobember 1986) and #021(25 Nobember 1986) --- (Japanese)

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